Analysis of grounding performance for different bio filler medium effect

The importance of grounding system is when any fault current due to the power system problem, or lightning, can allow that dangerous current passes through the earth. Although with current specification and standardization right now is sufficient, there is no harm to try to improve the performance of the grounding system continually. Thus, the primary purpose of this project is to design and develop a new ground rod prototype with new soil composition. This new soil composition is used bio-material which then will be used as a main material for the grounding medium. The grounding rod will have a two design which is based on the previous research data. There is no any major or significant change on the ground rod except the is of the small electrode at the bottom of this copper rod. The small electrode is designed into the position of horizontal and vertical and then combine with the small ground grid rod which can increase the current dispersion. The performances analysis for the grounding system was based on two main assessments which are the soil resistivity and ground rod resistance. The results show that the vertical ground rod is performing better compared to the horizontal ground rod in term of ground rod resistance. Besides, it shows the depth of the ground rod buried will affect the ground rod resistance significantly. As a conclusion, pineapple leaves filler shows better medium for enhancing the grounding system performance compared with coir filler due to lower lower grounding resistance. Copper sulfate was able to reduce the ground rod resistance value temporarily although for a short duration

DEVELOPING A MOTOROLA 68000 TRAINING BOARD

The aim of this project is to build a Motorola 68000 microprocessor training board using modular approach to aid the teaching and learning process for the microprocessor subject in Universiti Teknologi Petronas (UTP). The board is designed in modular approach to nurture more understanding among the students on the system itself. The final system consists of 3 different separated cards; the central processing unit (CPU) card, the memory card, and a serial/parallel interface card and a backplane. Wire wrapping method is used to build the training board. This project involves circuit design study, parts substitution study, and the board construction itself Basically, the board features a Motorola 68000 microprocessor, 10-MHz crystal clock, buffer circuits, memory decoder circuits, EPROM modules, SRAM modules, serial interface, and parallel interface. This board can be connected to a personal computer (PC) through serial interface for program downloading purposes, and the output is connected through the parallel interface available on-board. It is envisaged that the final system would be utilized as a learning tool for the microprocessor course (EAB2023)

Scattering regimes for underwater optical wireless communications using Monte Carlo simulation

Optical wireless communications has shown tremendous potential for underwater applications as it can provide higher bandwidth and better security compared to acoustic technologies. In this paper,  an investigation on scattering regimes for underwater links using Monte Carlo simulation has been presented.While the focus of this paper is on diffuse links, the simulation results of collimated links is also provided for comparison purpose. Three types of water namely clear, coastal and turbid water are being used in the simulation. It is shown that the effect of scattering on the path loss cannot be accurately modeled by the existing channel model; ie. Beers-Lambert (BL) law.  It has been shown that  the distance at which the unscattered light drops to zero can be used to estimate the transition point for the scattering regimes in case of diffuse links. The transition point for diffuse links in coastal water and turbid water can be estimated to be around 22 m and 4 m respectively. Further analysis on the scattering order probability at different scattering regimes illustrates how scattering is affected by beam size, water turbidity and distance. From the frequency response plot, it is estimated that the bandwidth of several order of GHz can be achieved when the links are operating in the minimal scattering region and will reduce to several hundreds of MHz when the link is operating in multiple scattering region

BEBERAPA CATATAN TERHADAP KITAB-KITAB KARYA ULAMA MINANGKABAU PADA PERMULAAN ABAD XX

The Kitabs (manuscripts and printed) of Minangkabau Scholars in the Early Twentieth Century are an important local sources in reconstructing the multicultural reconstruction of local Islamic. Era of the transmission of ideas and Islamic reformation movement in West Sumatra that began in the early twentieth century has given birth to two kinds of religious groups, namely "Kaum Tua" or "traditionalists" and "Kaum Muda" or "The Modernist" which have polemics each other. Islamic polemic had a positive effect on the proliferation of copying and writing traditions of the manuscript. Many ulama or sheikh from each group write and copy the script to argue with opinions which he said is not true. Therefore, these manuscripts are important and can be a source of authentic Islamic in seeing the dynamics of Islamic conflict and resolution in West Sumatra

Performance of Spatial Diversity DCO-OFDM in a Weak Turbulence Underwater Visible Light Communication Channel

The performance of underwater visible light communication (UVLC) system is severely affected by absorption, scattering and turbulence. In this article, we study the performance of spectral efficient DC-biased optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DCO-OFDM) in combination with the transceiver spatial diversity in turbulence channel. Based on the approximation of the weighted sum of lognormal random variables (RVs), we derived a theoretical exact bit error rate (BER) for DCO-OFDM systems with spatial diversity. The simulation results are compared with the analytical prediction, confirming the validity of the analysis. It is shown that spatial diversity can effectively reduce the turbulence-induced channel fading. The obtained results can be useful for designing, predicting, and evaluating the DCO-OFDM UVLC system in a weak oceanic turbulence condition

Mixed convection casson fluid flow over an exponentially stretching sheet with Newtonian heating effect

This paper deals with mixed convection of Casson fluid which flows over a heated surface that has been stretched exponentially. The governing equations that govern the fluid flow are reduced to ordinary differential equations by imposing suitable similarity variables. Numerical computational was carried out to solve for the f “(0) and θ (0) for some arbitrary values of the mixed convection parameter λ, Biot number Bi and Newtonian fluid parameter β when Pr =7

Sistem Kendali Ayunan Bayi Berbasis Mikrokontroller dan Android

This study aims to design a prototype of a microcontroller and arduino-based baby swing control system that will be very useful for housewives who have babies. This system will automatically work to move the swing when the sound of a baby and water is detected. This system is designed using a sound sensor that functions to detect the baby's voice, a water sensor to detect water when a baby is urinating, a DC motor that functions to move the swing automatically and a mobile application that functions to monitor swings. The test results show that the tool functions as desired, where when the tool detects the sound of a baby's cry, the tool automatically moves the swing, when the tool detects the presence of water, the swing will send a notification to the smartphone, this tool also successfully displays information to the smartphone in the form of a state baby in the form of video and sensor conditions on the swing. The communication distance between the smartphone and the device is 20 meters.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang sebuah prototipe sistem kendali ayunan bayi berbasis mikrokontroller dan arduino yang akan sangat berguna bagi ibu rumah tangga yang memiliki bayi. Sistem ini akan otomatis bekerja untuk menggerakkan ayunan apabila terdeteksi suara bayi dan air. Sistem ini dirancang menggunakan sensor suara yang berfungsi untuk mendeteksi suara bayi, sensor air untuk mendeteksi air ketika bayi sedang buang air kecil, motor DC yang berfungsi untuk menggerakkan ayunan secara otomatis serta aplikasi mobile yang berfungsi untuk memonitoring ayunan. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa alat berfungsi sesuai dengan yang diinginkan, dimana ketika alat mendeteksi adanya suara tangisan bayi, maka alat secara otomatis menggerakkan ayunan, ketika alat mendeteksi adanya air maka ayunan akan mengirimkan notifikasi ke smartphone, alat ini juga berhasil menampilkan informasi ke smartphone berupa keadaan bayi dalam bentuk video dan kondisi sensor pada ayunan. Untuk jarak komunikasi antara smartphone dan alat yaitu sejauh 20 meter

DEVELOPING A MOTOROLA 68000 TRAINING BOARD

The aim of this project is to build a Motorola 68000 microprocessor training board using modular approach to aid the teaching and learning process for the microprocessor subject in Universiti Teknologi Petronas (UTP). The board is designed in modular approach to nurture more understanding among the students on the system itself. The final system consists of 3 different separated cards; the central processing unit (CPU) card, the memory card, and a serial/parallel interface card and a backplane. Wire wrapping method is used to build the training board. This project involves circuit design study, parts substitution study, and the board construction itself Basically, the board features a Motorola 68000 microprocessor, 10-MHz crystal clock, buffer circuits, memory decoder circuits, EPROM modules, SRAM modules, serial interface, and parallel interface. This board can be connected to a personal computer (PC) through serial interface for program downloading purposes, and the output is connected through the parallel interface available on-board. It is envisaged that the final system would be utilized as a learning tool for the microprocessor course (EAB2023)